Source: AP
India has high hopes its ties with the United States will deepen under President Joe Biden, who was a key proponent of the 2008 civil nuclear deal between the countries and whose new administration includes several Indian Americans.
Key officials in Biden’s administration have already begun dialing their Indian counterparts. Last week, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar spoke with US Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken, reiterating their commitment to their strategic partnership, and India’s Defense Minister Rajnath Singh spoke to new US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin.
The 2008 nuclear accord paved the way for the supply of US hi-tech equipment which India wanted along with the technology and ended India’s isolation after it conducted nuclear tests in 1998 and refused to sign the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. The United States is also supporting India’s entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group, a move that has been blocked by China.
With an American of Indian descent in Vice President Kamala Harris and more than 20 Indian Americans in key roles in the Biden administration, India is hoping to maintain a significant economic, security and defense bilateral partnership.
Despite an unpredictable foreign policy, the Trump administration had consistently supported India’s emergence as a leading global power and a partner in maritime security and intelligence to counter China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific region.
In diplomatic parlance, the bilateral relations between the world’s two largest democracies are a rare bipartisan success. A strong political affinity and a tactical convergence of interests to counter China drive the relationship, experts say.
India sits at the center of the strategic architecture the US envisions for the Indo-Pacific region, the new theater of power play between Washington and Beijing.
“I think the Trump administration has carried that forward, including the concept of an Indo-Pacific, and to make sure that we were working with India so that no country in the region, including China, could challenge its sovereignty, and also working on concerns that we share about terrorism,” Blinken said during his confirmation hearings.
India’s immediate worry is a 9-months-long military standoff with China along their disputed border in eastern Ladakh. Tens of thousands of soldiers are facing each other at friction points in the region in sub-zero temperatures.
“China is the big elephant in the room,” said Gurcharan Das, a writer.
The 2+2 dialogue between the defense and foreign ministers and the Quad grouping comprising the US, Japan, Australia and India have enabled a greater strategic consultation and cooperation.
As the Biden administration unfolds its foreign policy agenda, India will be watching for and assessing any changes.
“That Indian and US interests coincide regarding the need to contain Chinese aggression is obvious, but there are uncertainties about the precise direction that the incoming Biden administration will adopt vis-à-vis China,” said Vivek Katju, a former diplomat.
“There is a compelling need for the Modi government to have an honest interaction with the Biden administration on China, though ultimately, India has to rely on its own capabilities to meet the Chinese threat,” he said.
With a more hard-nosed foreign policy and the world’s seventh-biggest economy with nearly 1.4 billion people, the Modi government has worked to elevate India’s stature.
Even as it ramps up its military ties with the US, India is trying to navigate its defense relationship with Russia and an energy relationship with Iran despite the threat of US sanctions.
During the Trump presidency, the US and India concluded defense deals worth over $ 3 billion and bilateral defense trade increased from near zero in 2008 to $ 15 billion in 2019.
But India’s acquisition of the Russian S-400 missile systems has been considered critical to countering a perceived threat from China as it increasingly makes economic inroads throughout South Asia, India’s traditional sphere of influence, experts say.
Washington is also expected to press India to remove trade barriers and open its markets more to US companies.
The Trump administration suspended India’s benefits under the Generalized System of Preferences as India declined in 2019 to open up its markets more to US companies.
Another area of India’s concern is Trump administration policies that hit Indian immigrants hard. An estimated 4.6 million people of Indian origin are in the United States, and India is hoping visa rules are eased under Biden.
“The Biden moment offers the opportunity for Delhi to overcome the bilateral differences on trade and elevate defense cooperation to a higher level,” said C. Raja Mohan, director of the Institute of South Asian Studies in Singapore.
Democrats are also expected to closely scrutinize Modi government’s handling of minorities, tensions in Indian-administered Kashmir and human rights. Many Hindu nationalist supporters were upset with Harris when she as a US senator expressed concern about the situation in Kashmir in 2019.
Criticism of the Modi government over its crackdown on dissent and civilian protests is unlikely to dent the high-value military and trade relationship between the two countries, experts say.
“We can treat these issues fairly and reasonably. I hope they don’t become vocal publicly because some elements in the Democratic party are inclined to do so,” said Kanwal Sibal, a retired Indian diplomat.
Raja Mohan said a political understanding on strategic burden-sharing would help Delhi and Washington develop deeper cooperation and diplomatic engagement, despite some irritants.
“An America that moves towards doing less on the global security front will need strong partners like India who can contribute more,” he said.
